Practy
Spanish conjugation practice

Presente - Present

This is the default present tense used in Spanish. It is used for:

  • Current actions and states
  • Habitual or repeated actions
  • General truths and facts
  • Near future events
  • Historical present (for dramatic effect)

Regular Conjugations

Pronoun -AR -ER -IR
yo -o -o -o
tú -as -es -es
vos -ás -és -ís
él/ella/ud. -a -e -e
nosotros -amos -emos -imos
vosotros -áis -éis -ís
ellos/uds. -an -en -en

hablar shows the -ar column in full: the stem holds and the ending carries the person.

Regular -AR verb: hablar in Presente

The -er endings have the same shape, with e in place of a.

Regular -ER verb: comer in Presente

-ir verbs match -er everywhere but nosotros and vosotros.

Regular -IR verb: vivir in Presente

Irregular Verbs (Common Examples)

These five are the verbs you meet first, and none of them takes the endings above.

Pronoun ser estar ir haber tener
yo soy estoy voy he tengo
tú eres estás vas has tienes
él/ella/ud. es está va ha tiene
nosotros somos estamos vamos hemos tenemos
vosotros sois estáis vais habéis tenéis
ellos/uds. son están van han tienen

Irregular yo Forms

Many verbs are regular in every form but yo. Learn the yo form, then add the regular endings to the rest.

Pattern Verbs
-go tener → tengo, poner → pongo, salir → salgo, hacer → hago, decir → digo, venir → vengo, traer → traigo, caer → caigo, oír → oigo
-zco conocer → conozco, parecer → parezco, conducir → conduzco
-oy dar → doy, estar → estoy, ir → voy, ser → soy
Own form saber → sé, ver → veo

tener, venir and decir also change their stem: tengo but tienes, vengo but vienes, digo but dices.

Verbs in -uir

A verb ending in -uir adds a y in every form but nosotros and vosotros: construir → construyo, construyes, construye, construimos, construís, construyen. oír takes the same shape after its yo form: oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oís, oyen.

Stem Changes

The stem changes in four forms — yo, tú, él/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes — and stays plain in nosotros and vosotros. This shape is called the boot.

Change Verb Changed forms Plain forms
e → ie pensar pienso, piensas, piensa, piensan pensamos, pensáis
o → ue poder puedo, puedes, puede, pueden podemos, podéis
e → i pedir pido, pides, pide, piden pedimos, pedís
u → ue jugar juego, juegas, juega, juegan jugamos, jugáis

The endings stay regular; only the stem changes. The e → i change occurs with -ir verbs only, and jugar is the only u → ue verb.

The vos form keeps the plain stem: vos pensás, vos podés.

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