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Spanish conjugation practice

Pretérito - Past Preterite

This is one of the two most common past tenses used in Spanish, along with the imperfecto. Compared with the imperfecto, it is used for past events with a defined beginning and end. It is used for:

  • Completed past actions
  • Actions with clear start/end
  • Single, specific events
  • Sequential actions
  • Interrupting actions

Regular Conjugations

Pronoun -AR -ER/-IR
yo -é -í
tú -aste -iste
él/ella/ud. -ó -ió
nosotros -amos -imos
vosotros -asteis -isteis
ellos/uds. -aron -ieron

The -ar endings put the stress on the last syllable in yo and él: hablé, habló.

Regular -AR verb: hablar in Pretérito

-er and -ir verbs share one set of endings.

Regular -ER/-IR verb: comer in Pretérito

Common Irregulars

Each of these has a stem of its own, and their endings carry no accent.

Pronoun ser/ir hacer tener estar poder
yo fui hice tuve estuve pude
tú fuiste hiciste tuviste estuviste pudiste
él/ella/ud. fue hizo tuvo estuvo pudo
nosotros fuimos hicimos tuvimos estuvimos pudimos
vosotros fuisteis hicisteis tuvisteis estuvisteis pudisteis
ellos/uds. fueron hicieron tuvieron estuvieron pudieron

These share one set of endings with no accent: -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron. ser and ir sit outside it (fui, fuiste, fue), hacer changes its spelling in él (hizo), and dar and ver take the -ir endings bare: di, diste, dio; vi, viste, vio.

j-stems

Where the stem ends in j, -ieron loses its i: decir → dijeron, traer → trajeron, conducir → condujeron.

Spelling Changes

  • -car → -qué: buscar → busqué
  • -gar → -gué: pagar → pagué
  • -zar → -cé: empezar → empecé

Third-person Stem Changes

An -ir verb that changes its stem in the present changes it again in él and ellos: e → i and o → u.

  • pedir → pidió, pidieron
  • sentir → sintió, sintieron
  • dormir → durmió, durmieron

i → y

Where the stem ends in a vowel, the i of -ió and -ieron becomes y.

  • leer → leyó, leyeron
  • oír → oyó, oyeron
  • construir → construyó, construyeron

Preterite or Imperfect?

Use the preterite for the event that happened and the imperfect for the background or action in progress: Cuando llegué, ella estudiaba.

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