Practy
French conjugation practice

Être vs Avoir

Avoir builds the compound tenses of nearly every verb. Être takes the verbs of movement and change of state, and every reflexive verb — and then the participle agrees with the subject.

Where the two split

Context être avoir
On its own To be: je suis fatigué. To have: j'ai une voiture.
Compound tenses Movement and change of state: je suis allé, elle est née. Every other verb: j'ai parlé.
Reflexive verbs Always être: je me suis levé. Never used.
Participle agreement Agrees with the subject: elle est allée. Agrees only with a direct object set before it: la lettre que j'ai écrite.
Age, hunger, cold Not used. J'ai 20 ans, j'ai faim, j'ai froid.
There is, there are Not used. Il y a — whatever the number.
The passive La porte est fermée — être plus a participle. Not used.
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